文章轉(zhuǎn)載自 TESOL大會(huì) 21世紀(jì)英文報(bào)
TESOL大師課第三期是一次打破了傳統(tǒng)模式的線上講座：沒有講稿，沒有PPT，全球知名語言學(xué)家、英國國家學(xué)術(shù)院院士David Crystal教授坐在英國的家中，以朋友云上相聚的輕松交談方式，為遠(yuǎn)隔重洋的中國觀眾帶來了以“論英語的未來”為主題的精彩講座。身處澳門的溫植勝博士受邀作為本次大師課的主持人,就觀眾感興趣的問題與Crystal教授進(jìn)行了深度交流與互動(dòng)。
在本次講座中，David Crystal教授通過引用全球英語使用者的數(shù)據(jù)，追溯了英語作為全球通用語言的歷史原因和目前的地位，并表示英語的全球地位已經(jīng)開始影響、并將對(duì)英語語言的未來發(fā)展產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。他還同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)了文化對(duì)語言學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)的重要作用，引起眾多中外觀看直播的英語教師、在讀研究生、博士生和研究學(xué)者的共鳴，直播當(dāng)日共有上萬名觀眾同時(shí)在線觀看，中英文互動(dòng)彈幕達(dá)1100多條。除國內(nèi)參會(huì)者外，還有來自埃及、澳大利亞、古巴、加拿大、英國、美國、尼泊爾、伊朗、印度、越南等海外參會(huì)者觀看了直播并參與互動(dòng)。
Today, who owns the English language?
講座伊始，David Crystal回顧了幾組數(shù)據(jù)（如下圖），英語的使用人數(shù)在持續(xù)增長。英語，作為全球的通用語，擁有23億使用者，這是史無前例的。然而在英語使用者中，英語母語使用者的人數(shù)在近20年內(nèi)基本沒有太多的變化，母語使用者和非母語使用者的人群比例大約為1:6，英語語言的重心已經(jīng)由英語母語使用者轉(zhuǎn)向了非母語使用者，誰才是英語的擁有者呢？
當(dāng)英語的使用者已分散于世界各地，英語母語者的人數(shù)只是小部分的當(dāng)今，是否還需要所謂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語或是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美語呢？David Crystal提出了這樣一個(gè)值得思考的問題。（欲知詳情，點(diǎn)擊“閱讀原文”，觀看講座 00：15：30左右處）
Why has English become a global language?
為什么英語可以成為全球化的通用語？David Crystal追溯了其原因，“There is only one reason why a language becomes an international language or a global language, and that is the power of the people who speak it. ” 這背后主要包含四個(gè)方面：1. 政治力量；2. 科技力量；3. 經(jīng)濟(jì)力量；4. 文化力量（欲知詳情，點(diǎn)擊“閱讀原文”，觀看講座00：21：00左右處）
What happens when a language becomes a global language?
語言的發(fā)展是intelligibility（可理解性）與identity（身份特性）共同作用的結(jié)果。當(dāng)英語成為全球的通用語，它已不再是一個(gè)同質(zhì)化的語言，不同地區(qū)的文化都參與重塑著這一語言。
David Crystal's Latest Thoughts on "The Future of Englishes"
On 18 March (2022), one of the world's foremost experts and authorities on the English language and linguistics, and arguably the most articulate and entertaining writer and lecturer in this area, Prof David Crystal delivered a highly informative, interactive and insightful lecture on the important topic of, "The Future of Englishes". This lecture was the third episode in a well-received TESOL Master Class series organized and sponsored by the Committee of the Global English Education China Assembly (TCA) in collaboration with the British Council. In this highly engaging lecture delivered online and moderated by Dr. Edward Wen Zhisheng (Macao Polytechnic University), Prof Crystal shared his latest thinking with the 10000 plus registered audience across China and beyond on some highly relevant and timely issues related to the learning and teaching of the English language. By citing first-hand data and statistics, Prof. Crystal traced down the historical reasons for the emergence and current position of the English language as a global Lingua Franca. Such a global status, as Crystal unequivocally pointed out, has thus affected and shall have far-reaching consequences for the future development of the English language. For example, this is likely to impact future English language learning and teaching both formally (in relation to grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary) and functionally (in relation to cultural diversity). In particular, Prof. Crystal underscored and highlighted the importance of incorporating cultural considerations into English language curriculum and classroom practice, and revealed his long-term commitments and grand vision to build an international-scale cultural dictionary so that students’ diverse cultures from all over the world's can contribute and interact with each other, thus bringing benefits to all. The audience of the lecture came from diverse backgrounds, including language education policy makers, academic researchers and university professors/lecturers, in-service English language teachers from primary and secondary schools as well as some aspiring young English language teachers-to-be. They all participated enthusiastically during Prof Crystal's talk and filled the screen with all sorts of interesting questions and comments concerning both English language learning and teaching practice!
David Crystal received an OBE from the Queen for his contributions and services to the English language in 1995, and was made a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 2000. He is patron of the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language (IATEFL) and the Association for Language Learning (ALL). Crystal has published over 100 books, covering a diversity of language topics, his best-known authored books including The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language and The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. He has been a freelance writer, lecturer, and broadcaster since 1984 and continues his work with language from his home in Holyhead, North Wales.
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