文章轉(zhuǎn)載自 世紀君 21世紀英文報

轉(zhuǎn)眼又到年底，如果用一個詞匯形容你的2021年，你會選擇哪一個呢？近來，不少英文詞典紛紛公布了自家選出的2021年度詞。

韋氏詞典：Vaccine疫苗

據(jù)CNN報道，近日韋氏詞典公布了今年的年度詞：疫苗。對于一些人來說，疫苗是希望和健康的象征，然而對于另一些人來說，這代表著一件政治化事件。

Merriam-Webster just announced its Word of the Year. For some, it is a symbol of hope and health. For others, it's a representation of a politicized issue.

與2019年相比，今年該網(wǎng)站上對于Vaccine一詞的查詢增長了1048%。今年8月， Vaccine的搜索量上漲535%，原因跟全球部分地區(qū)的大規(guī)模接種、疫苗政策、審批以及接種率等有關(guān)。彼時，正值美國紐約和加州推行醫(yī)護人員強制疫苗接種政策，并向公眾提供新冠疫苗加強針接種等，從而引發(fā)有關(guān)疫苗分發(fā)不公的討論。

There was a 1,048% increase in site lookups this year compared to 2019. This August, lookups of "vaccine" jumped 535% due to widespread distribution in parts of the world and major stories about policy, approval and vaccination rates. It was also the time when New York and California instituted vaccine mandates for healthcare workers, as well as national announcements about booster shots for the general public, which led to debates about inequities in vaccine distribution.

12月7日，在美國紐約，新冠疫苗接種車的工作人員與一名男子交談。新華社記者 王迎 攝

秋末時節(jié)，Vaccine一詞的搜索量仍然穩(wěn)定，因為大家在討論奧密克戎變種以及疫苗對其的有效性。

And searches have remained stable through late fall, especially with talk about the Omicron variant and the efficacy of vaccines in stopping it.

無獨有偶，牛津英語詞典的2021年度詞也和“疫苗”有關(guān)，單詞Vax意為“打疫苗”。詞典方面稱，由于新冠肺炎疫情，2021年與疫苗相關(guān)的詞匯更加頻繁出現(xiàn)，“接種過兩劑疫苗的”（ double-vaxxed）、“未接種疫苗的（unvaxxed）”和“反對疫苗人士”（ anti-vaxxer）這些詞匯的使用頻率驟增。Vax第一次出現(xiàn)在上世紀80年代，作為名詞使用；隨后在21世紀初開始，逐漸作為動詞使用。

Vax has been chosen as the word of the year by lexicographers at the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). Words related to vaccines have spiked in frequency in 2021 due to Covid, with double-vaxxed, unvaxxed and anti-vaxxer all seeing a surge in use. The word first appeared as a noun in the 1980s and then started to be used as a verb in the early 21st century, according to the report.

3月24日，一名醫(yī)務人員在美國亞特蘭大一處疫苗接種中心準備新冠疫苗。新華社/美聯(lián)

劍橋詞典：Perseverance 毅力

劍橋詞典在網(wǎng)站上宣布了2021年度詞為Perseverance（毅力），稱“這個詞完美體現(xiàn)了在充滿挑戰(zhàn)的2021年，全世界人民不屈不撓的意志。”同時，Perseverance也表現(xiàn)出全球?qū)τ诿绹�宇航�?ldquo;毅力號”火星探測器的關(guān)注。

Cambridge Dictionary has announced perseverance as its Word of the Year 2021. It’s a word that perfectly captures the undaunted will of people across the world to never give up, despite the many challenges of 2021. And, of course, the global interest in the NASA mission to Mars.

柯林斯詞典：NFT 非同質(zhì)化代幣

NFT為non-fungible token的縮寫，表示的是“唯一的數(shù)字認證，在區(qū)塊鏈中注冊，用來記錄某一資產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)，比如藝術(shù)品收藏品等。”詞典方面也表示，NFT是否會有長期影響仍有待觀察，但是NFT的突然出現(xiàn)并引發(fā)全球討論，足以讓其被選為年度詞匯。

An NFT is "a unique digital certificate, registered in a blockchain, that is used to record ownership of an asset such as an artwork or a collectible." "Whether NFTs will have lasting influence is yet to be determined, but its sudden presence in conversations around the world makes it very clearly our Word of the Year,” the dictionary said.

Dictionary.com網(wǎng)站：Allyship 同盟關(guān)系

Dictionary.com網(wǎng)站將allyship定義為：宣揚并為某邊緣群體或政治敏感群體積極工作從而使該群體融入社會各界的人的身份或角色，這些人不隸屬于該群體，但是為群體斗爭發(fā)聲，接受群體領(lǐng)導。

Dictionary.com defines "allyship" as "the status or role of a person who advocates and actively works for the inclusion of a marginalized or politicized group in all areas of society, not as a member of that group but in solidarity with its struggle and point of view and under its leadership."

該網(wǎng)站表示，Allyship是今年用戶在其網(wǎng)站搜索的前850詞之一，搭配搜索的詞匯還包括workplace（工作場所）等，因為企業(yè)會公開承諾在多元、平等以及包容上多做努力。

"Allyship" was one of the top 850 search terms that steered online users toward the site in 2021, Dictionary.com said, often searched with the word "workplace" as companies publicly pledged to invest in diversity, equity and inclusion efforts.

網(wǎng)站指出，今年，Allyship一詞越來越多的被用來指代黑人和性少數(shù)群體，同時還包括在疫情期間邊工作邊看孩子的父母，醫(yī)護人員，教師及航空工作人員。

This year, the word was increasingly used in reference to Black and LGBTQ people, Dictionary.com reported, as well as for parents working and handling child care during the pandemic, healthcare workers, teachers and airline employees.

綜合來源：CNN，中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津