吉林省西北部，霍林河末端，松花江與嫩江的交匯處，就是中國第七大淡水湖——查干湖。

查干湖是我國十大淡水湖之一，也是吉林重要的漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地。去年9月26日，習(xí)近平總書記到查干湖考察，與這里的漁夫、漁把頭親切交談。

總書記說，綠水青山、冰天雪地都是金山銀山。保護生態(tài)和發(fā)展生態(tài)旅游相得益彰，這條路要扎實走下去。他祝愿大家“年年有魚，年年有余”。

凌晨4點，在白雪覆蓋的查干湖上，頭戴貉皮帽子、身披羊皮襖的東北漢子趕馬、拖耙犁、拉網(wǎng)

2018年12月28日，中國·查干湖第十七屆冰雪漁獵文化旅游節(jié)盛大開幕的日子，漁把頭張文早早地帶著他52人的捕魚隊，喝過大碗的壯行酒，翻上馬爬犁，在暮色的黎明中駛向圣湖，漁民們黑紅的臉龐上綻開著祈望豐收的微笑。

Before dawn on Dec 28, 2018, Zhang Wen and his team drove en masse out onto the frigid, icy expanse of Chagan Lake in Songyuan in Northeast China's Jilin province.

查干湖畔生活著世界上最古老的漁獵部落，冰湖漁獵文化在這里傳承了千年。如今，他們成為了世界上唯一的也是最后一處被自然和人類完整保存下來的漁獵部落。

在漫長的歷史歲月里，查干湖漁獵文化傳承著自己鮮明而獨特的歷史記憶和神奇、神圣、神秘的歷史過往，從遠(yuǎn)古到今天，正展示著“最后的漁獵部落”那深深的文化內(nèi)涵和漁獵人的情懷。

Fishing on frozen Chagan Lake is an ancient tradition that dates back to the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) and the lake now is the only place in the world where age-old traditional Mongolian fishing methods are still practiced.

湖畔村莊的各色物件看起來都和“魚”有關(guān)，院子里、房頂上、圍墻邊曬著漁網(wǎng)，貼在玻璃上的窗花和門框上的對聯(lián)，也大都以“魚”為題，就連小孩子的書包也滿是魚的圖案。

曾經(jīng)一網(wǎng)打出42萬斤的歷史記錄也賦予了查干湖和這里的漁民足夠的神奇和靈性。神話傳說和先民軼事，讓這里的人們堅定了對“圣湖”的崇拜。這種對天地和自然的虔誠和惜護世代延續(xù)，傳承至今。

當(dāng)無垠的白雪厚厚地覆蓋在查干湖面上的時候，湖邊的漁獵人家開始備好上冰的冰镩和馬輪、漁網(wǎng)，忙碌一冬天的冬捕就這樣開始了。

5點多，捕魚隊到達冬捕地點，根據(jù)多年積累的經(jīng)驗，漁把頭張文選定了魚群聚集的地方，用旗釬子在冰面上戳出一個長方形印記，兩個漁工隨即圍著這個印記鑿出400多個小冰洞，將2000米長的大網(wǎng)通過相隔60多米的冰洞，用傳桿、扭矛和走鉤在半米厚的冰層下慢慢舒展成一個碩大的“包魚圈”，整個下網(wǎng)過程就持續(xù)了幾個小時。

After the head fisherman signaled the spot where fish were expected to gather, more than 400 holes were drilled around the spot, 60 meters apart. About 50 fishermen worked together to cast a 2,000-meter-long net through the holes and under the ice.

幾個小時過后，5匹馬拉動出網(wǎng)輪，漁網(wǎng)徐徐而出，湖面上，號子聲、歡呼聲、馬蹄聲此起彼伏，魚兒們跳躍著、翻騰著，魚身帶著溫度，在空中生成蒙蒙霧氣，著名的“ 冰湖騰魚”場景出現(xiàn)了，這一網(wǎng)打出了10萬多斤鮮魚。

Several hours later, the net was pulled out by horses with tens of thousands kilograms of fresh fish in it.

冰寒徹骨的湖面，游客們打著寒顫，不住地跺著腳，而漁工們卻忙得熱火朝天，沒有絲毫寒意。他們穿著厚重的羊皮襖、貉殼帽子、狐貍皮帽子、大頭鞋、手悶子。不講究美觀，但卻保暖實用，特別適合冰上作業(yè)。

Sheepskin hats and coats were their protection against the subfreezing temperature of around -20°C.

每年第一次捕獲的最大的魚被認(rèn)為是最吉祥的魚，通常會被高價拍賣。在隨后進行的頭魚拍賣儀式上，經(jīng)過數(shù)輪競拍，15公斤重的頭魚拍賣價格創(chuàng)下歷史新高，成交價999999元！

The price for the first catch at Chagan Lake this year—a 15-kilogram fish—broke the record at auction at 999,999 yuan during the day's auction.

查干湖冬捕從每年12月中旬開始, 到次年1月中旬結(jié)束。在冬季最寒冷的40多天里, 湖面上的冰平均厚度為1.5至2米，這使得魚進入一個只有0.5至1米深的水域，使用大漁網(wǎng)捕魚相當(dāng)容易。

On the coldest days of winter, the ice on the lake, which has an average depth of 1.5 to 2 meters, can be 1 m thick. This drives fish into an area of water only 0.5 to 1 m deep and makes fishing with large nets quite easy.

查干湖周邊的漁民, 他們一直堅持著“馬拉絞盤”這種古老的捕魚方式，不使用機器。

Fishermen around Chagan Lake, who can earn an annual income of 100,000 yuan to 200,000 yuan, have upheld the ancient fishing practices.

然而，老一輩的查干湖漁民卻還清楚地記得，上世紀(jì)60年代至70年代初，由于種種原因，查干湖幾近干涸，白花花的鹽堿面子滿天飛，周邊田地都堿化了。當(dāng)時有許多人背井離鄉(xiāng)，留下來的人們只能靠掃堿、熬堿、賣堿維持生計。

1984年，滔滔松花江水引入查干湖，水量逐漸豐厚的查干湖開始注重生態(tài)治理。植樹造林、退耕還草、保護濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)……幾十年的努力，讓查干湖恢復(fù)了盎然生機。

In 1984, the water of the Songhuajiang River was diverted to Chagan Lake. Since then, the local government has attached great importance to protecting the lake, including planting trees and grass in the areas surrounding it.

如今的查干湖，湖里有鯉魚、鯽魚、草魚、鰱魚、鰲魚等68多個優(yōu)質(zhì)品種，丹頂鶴、白天鵝、白琵鷺等在此棲息，山雞、野兔、狐貍到處可見。查干湖的魚，穿越大江南北，遠(yuǎn)銷到新疆、西藏、海南等全國各地。

Its efforts have borne fruit. Now the lake has more than 68 kinds of fish, including carp and chub. The area is also home to such birds as red-crowned cranes, Eurasian spoonbills, white swans and pheasants, as well as hares and foxes.

查干湖的漁民很聰明，他們很懂得珍惜和保護，也深知以湖養(yǎng)湖的道理。冬季捕魚季節(jié)每天只允許四支捕魚隊工作，每年捕魚的數(shù)量也會設(shè)定上限，以確保查干湖生態(tài)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

Now fishermen keep nature in mind when fishing from Chagan Lake in order to preserve the tradition for generations to come. The amount of fish that can be caught is capped annually to avoid draining the lake, ensuring that there will be fish for years to come. Only four fishing teams are allowed to work every day during the winter fishing season.

前郭爾羅斯蒙古族自治縣原旅游局副局長、漁獵節(jié)總策劃人肖慧超對記者說：“頭漁拍賣不是一項純粹的商業(yè)行為。所得資金全部用于查干湖的生態(tài)保護建設(shè)，也包括每年定期補充施放魚苗等。參與竟拍的企業(yè)其實也是在對保護查干湖、保護冬捕這一古老的傳統(tǒng)奉獻愛心，也體現(xiàn)了我們的企業(yè)足夠強的生態(tài)意識和環(huán)保理念。”

Money from the fish auction has been invested in protecting the lake and surrounding areas, according to Xiao Huichao, former deputy director of the tourism department of Qianguo Mongolian autonomous county.

“查干湖冬季捕是對古代捕魚部落研究的活化石，”吉林省民俗學(xué)家曹保明說，“漁獵過程中的每一個細(xì)節(jié)，都盡顯查干湖冬捕文化傳統(tǒng)。查干湖漁獵保存著人們對歷史的記憶。”

The traditional skills required for Chagan Lake winter fishing are now listed among the China's intangible cultural heritage. Folklore experts speak highly of the lake's winter fishing.

歲月更迭，查干湖冬捕的神奇、神秘與神圣依舊。查干湖冬捕已被列為國家級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。