文章轉(zhuǎn)載自 21世紀(jì)英文報(bào)

先前已經(jīng)連續(xù)50多天沒有本地報(bào)告新增確診病例的北京，近日突現(xiàn)連續(xù)出現(xiàn)本土新增病例，讓人揪心。

北京市衛(wèi)生健康委15日發(fā)布，14日0時(shí)至24時(shí)，北京市新增報(bào)告新冠肺炎本地確診病例36例、無癥狀感染者6例，無新增疑似病例。

在今天北京市召開的第117場(chǎng)新冠病毒肺炎疫情防控工作新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，北京市衛(wèi)健委新聞發(fā)言人高小俊表示，全市和新發(fā)地相關(guān)人員新冠病毒核酸檢測(cè)情況，共檢測(cè)76499人，結(jié)果陽(yáng)性59份。

在前一天的發(fā)布會(huì)上，北京市疾病預(yù)防控制中心副主任龐星火介紹，針對(duì)北京病例數(shù)增加的情況，通過流行病學(xué)調(diào)查，病例發(fā)病均與新發(fā)地市場(chǎng)有關(guān)。

6月12日，在北京市開展的農(nóng)貿(mào)批發(fā)市場(chǎng)、大型超市排查中，共采集海鮮、肉類等食品及外環(huán)境涂抹標(biāo)本5424份，新發(fā)地有40份核酸檢測(cè)呈陽(yáng)性；517名從業(yè)人員中，45人咽拭子陽(yáng)性。

據(jù)《北京日?qǐng)?bào)》13日?qǐng)?bào)道，北京的主要商超企業(yè)超市發(fā)、物美、家樂福都已連夜下架全部三文魚。

Xinfadi agricultural products wholesale market is closed on June 13. [Photo by Wu Xiaohui/chinadaily.com.cn]

對(duì)于新發(fā)地市場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的40件環(huán)境陽(yáng)性樣本來源，北京市衛(wèi)生健康委新聞發(fā)言人高小俊回應(yīng)《中國(guó)新聞周刊》說：“有的來自三文魚案板，有的不是。”6月13日凌晨，北京新發(fā)地批發(fā)市場(chǎng)董事長(zhǎng)張玉璽接受媒體采訪時(shí)說：“相關(guān)部門抽檢時(shí)從切割進(jìn)口三文魚的案板中檢測(cè)到了新冠病毒，而該產(chǎn)品的貨源來自京深海鮮市場(chǎng)。”

北京市疾控中心和豐臺(tái)區(qū)疾控中心聯(lián)合對(duì)京深海鮮市場(chǎng)海鮮區(qū)，特別是三文魚的交易攤位以及公共區(qū)域進(jìn)行了抽樣檢測(cè)，合計(jì)采集的樣本一共是469件，其中有人員咽拭子樣本186件，環(huán)境樣本283件，目前結(jié)果都是陰性。

在武漢新冠疫情暴發(fā)之初，中國(guó)疾控中心病毒所曾從來自華南海鮮市場(chǎng)的585份環(huán)境樣本中檢測(cè)到33份樣品含有新冠病毒核酸，并在陽(yáng)性環(huán)境標(biāo)本中分離到病毒。現(xiàn)在，北京新增新冠肺炎感染病例再次將關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)拉到海鮮市場(chǎng)。

究竟是不是三文魚惹的禍？一時(shí)間也成為了人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。

圖源：圖蟲創(chuàng)意

Beijing's largest vegetable wholesale market, Xinfadi market, was shut down Saturday after six new domestic COVID-19 infections and 45 asymptomatic cases were reported and the novel coronavirus was detected on some of the sellers' equipment.

According to local health officials, the virus was found on a chopping board used by a seller of imported salmon, sparking speculations on whether the fish can spread the virus.

檢出新冠病毒 ≠ 感染新冠病毒

中國(guó)疾控中心流行病專家吳尊友日前在接受采訪時(shí)表示，目前還很難去斷定批發(fā)市場(chǎng)的傳染源到底是什么。比如，我們不能因?yàn)樵谇懈钸M(jìn)口三文魚的案板中檢測(cè)到了新冠病毒，就下結(jié)論說三文魚就是傳染源。接觸到案板的所有人或物品都有可能。

圖源：人民視覺

2020年6月13日，北京豐臺(tái)區(qū)一家超市內(nèi)的三文魚已下架。張宇(攝影部)/中新社

"At present, it is hard to determine the infection source in the market," Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), told China's Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

"We cannot conclude that salmon is the source of infection just because novel coronavirus was detected on a chopping board of a seller," the expert said, adding that the chopping board could be contaminated by infected owner or guests, or other products that carried the virus.

三文魚能接觸到病毒源？

新冠病毒可能起源于蝙蝠，而三文魚祖祖輩輩都生活在海里，又是怎么和新冠病毒扯上關(guān)系的呢？

圖源：圖蟲創(chuàng)意

讓我們看看專家是怎么說的↓

據(jù)清華大學(xué)病毒學(xué)家程功介紹，目前認(rèn)為的冠狀病毒宿主要是哺乳動(dòng)物。三文魚幾乎不可能感染新冠病毒。

他表示，病毒要進(jìn)行感染必須要有相應(yīng)的宿主，病毒需要的宿主受體不一樣，所以只有特定動(dòng)物的受體能讓病毒感染細(xì)胞。到目前為止，已知的科學(xué)證據(jù)都表明，它感染宿主的受體都存在于哺乳動(dòng)物體內(nèi)，不存在于魚內(nèi)。

The known hosts for coronavirus are mostly mammals. It's almost impossible for salmon to get infected with COVID-19, Cheng Gong, virologist at Tsinghua University, explained.

"Virus must rely on the viral receptor on the host cell surfaces to infect cells. Without the certain receptor they cannot enter into cells successfully," Cheng added. "All known evidence so far suggest this kind of receptors exist only in mammals, not fish."

英國(guó)倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)也指出，在哺乳動(dòng)物之外，新冠病毒很難感染魚類、鳥類和爬行類動(dòng)物。

A study conducted by University College London also suggests that the novel coronavirus can infect a broad range of mammals, but not fish, birds or reptiles.

三文魚能接觸到病毒源？

中國(guó)疾控中心流行病專家吳尊友同樣認(rèn)為，果子貍、蝙蝠這些野生動(dòng)物本身可以攜帶冠狀病毒，但正常自然界的魚身體內(nèi)是不會(huì)帶冠狀病毒的。有一種可能是魚被捕撈之后，由于處理的工人感染了新冠病毒，可能導(dǎo)致魚的表面被污染，而污染的海產(chǎn)品被運(yùn)到中國(guó)，中國(guó)工人處理過程中受到了感染，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致人與人的進(jìn)一步傳播。當(dāng)然這也只是一種推測(cè)，需要流行病學(xué)調(diào)查進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。

Unlike wild animals like civets and bats which are hosts of coronavirus, fish naturally do not carry coronavirus in their bodies, Wu explained, providing one possibility that the surface of the fish could get contaminated by infected workers.

"And if contaminated fish were shipped to China, Chinese workers could have been infected as they processed the fish, and then that led to further human-to-human transmission," he added. "But this is just one speculation, further confirmation is needed through epidemiological investigation."

吳尊友表示，目前的形勢(shì)下，做好生鮮、果蔬等貨物的檢驗(yàn)檢疫，這些都很有必要。特別需要注意的是兩種情況：一種是海外進(jìn)口的物品。目前海外疫情比中國(guó)嚴(yán)重，從疫情嚴(yán)重國(guó)家進(jìn)口的物品要格外注意。另外一種是冷凍運(yùn)輸?shù)奈锲�，包括海產(chǎn)品、牛羊肉等。這些情況下都需要加強(qiáng)檢疫。

Wu called on the authorities to tighten inspection and quarantine on imported and refrigerated products to prevent the risk of further viral transmission.

三文魚還能吃嗎？

中華預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)專家鐘凱表示，當(dāng)務(wù)之急是查清楚案板上的病毒來源，建議公眾暫不生吃三文魚。

The priority now is to find the source of the coronavirus detected on the chopping board, pointed out Zhong Kai, expert from Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, who advised the public to not eat raw salmon until the results of the investigation are revealed.

圖源：圖蟲創(chuàng)意

在鐘凱看來，到目前為止，還沒有新冠直接通過吃喝傳播的證據(jù)，“主要還是接觸傳播”。

No evidence has shown that the novel coronavirus can be transmitted directly through food and drink to humans, said Zhong, as the major transmission routes remain respiratory droplets and close contact.

據(jù)他介紹，新冠病毒在物體表面存活的時(shí)間從幾小時(shí)到幾天不等，冰鮮三文魚是空運(yùn)過來，且有低溫環(huán)境保護(hù)，因此理論上“是有可能存活下來的”。雖然這種概率并不大，但考慮到一旦引起疫情，防控成本極大，因此近期相關(guān)部門可能會(huì)管控這類產(chǎn)品。

However, the virus can survive on the surface of an object for hours to a few days, and chilled salmon was transported by air in a low temperature, under which condition "it is theoretically possible for the virus to survive, but the possibility is low," said Zhong.

“其實(shí)，對(duì)于普通消費(fèi)者，主要還是強(qiáng)調(diào)外出采買戴口罩，回家洗手，制作食物前后也要洗手，盡量不用臟手摸眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴。” 鐘凱說，“提高警惕，也不必草木皆兵。”

For ordinary consumers, Zhong also highlighted the importance of daily protection, such as wearing masks when going out, and washing hands upon entering the house as well as before and after cooking food.

雖然并不能直接歸咎于三文魚，但是戴口罩、勤洗手、多通風(fēng)，不吃生食，小伙伴們記住了嗎？

綜合來源：丁香生活研究所、中央紀(jì)委國(guó)家監(jiān)委網(wǎng)站、中國(guó)新聞周刊、CGTN、中青網(wǎng)

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