27日，中國科技部基礎(chǔ)研究管理中心公布“2018年度中國科學(xué)十大進(jìn)展”。​

2018年中國科學(xué)家做出的這十大進(jìn)展是：

基于體細(xì)胞核移植技術(shù)成功克隆出獼猴

創(chuàng)建出首例人造單染色體真核細(xì)胞

揭示抑郁發(fā)生及氯胺酮快速抗抑郁機制

研制出用于腫瘤治療的智能型DNA納米機器人

測得迄今最高精度的引力常數(shù)G值

首次直接探測到電子宇宙射線能譜在1TeV附近的拐折

揭示水合離子的原子結(jié)構(gòu)和幻數(shù)效應(yīng)

創(chuàng)建出可探測細(xì)胞內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)相互作用的納米和毫秒尺度成像技術(shù)

調(diào)控植物生長-代謝平衡實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展

將人類生活在黃土高原的歷史推前至距今212萬年

(via 科技日報)

以下是雙語報道：

Nanorobots, monkey clones named among China’s top 10 scientific advances

China's national science and technology authorities on Wednesday announced the top 10 scientific achievements made by the country's researchers in 2018, including such advancements as the first cloned monkeys and cancer-treating nanorobots.

27日，中國科技部基礎(chǔ)研究管理中心公布“2018年度中國科學(xué)十大進(jìn)展”，其中包括了首次克隆成功的獼猴和用于腫瘤治療的納米機器人。

（圖via科技日報）

The 2018 ranking of scientific achievements was organized by the basic research management center of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The first cloning of two macaques by Chinese scientists, creation of the first-ever artificial single-chromosome eukaryote and development of cancer-hunting nanorobots are among the top-10 list.

“2018年度中國科學(xué)十大進(jìn)展”是由中國科學(xué)技術(shù)部的基礎(chǔ)研究管理中心組織評選的。首次由中國科學(xué)家克隆成功的兩只獼猴、首例人造單染色體真核細(xì)胞，以及腫瘤治療納米機器人都位列其中。

（圖via科技日報）

A total of 353 scientific research findings were recommended before experts selected 30 for a shortlist from which the final top-10 list was determined through a poll of 2,600 scientists including academicians at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

“中國科學(xué)十大進(jìn)展”遴選程序分為推薦、初選和終選3個環(huán)節(jié)。總共有353項科學(xué)研究進(jìn)展被推薦參與評選。先由專家從推薦的科學(xué)進(jìn)展中遴選出30項進(jìn)入終選候選名單。再由包括中國科學(xué)院院士、中國工程院院士在內(nèi)的2600余名專家學(xué)者對這30項候選科學(xué)進(jìn)展進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上投票，選出得票數(shù)排名前10位的科學(xué)進(jìn)展入選“2018年度中國科學(xué)十大進(jìn)展”。

The discovery of the measurement of the so-far most accurate gravity constant and the first direct detection of spectral break around 1 tera-electron-volts of the electron cosmic ray spectrum by the Wukong - China's dark matter detection satellite or the Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) - are also among the top 10 list.

排名前10的科學(xué)進(jìn)展還包括：測得迄今最高精度的引力常數(shù)G值，和由暗物質(zhì)粒子探測衛(wèi)星“悟空”首次直接探測到的電子宇宙射線能譜在1TeV附近的拐折。

"Such national recognition does not come with additional funding as a bonus. But since the launch of the program, the team has received strong financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, CAS, as well as the National Natural Science foundation," Yuan Qiang, a researcher of the DAMPE team who is in charge of cosmic ray data analysis, told the Global Times on Wednesday.

“這種國家級的認(rèn)可并沒有額外的資金作為獎金。但是自從項目設(shè)立，團隊就獲得了科技部、中國科學(xué)院，和國家自然科學(xué)基金委員會強有力的財政支持，”“悟空”團隊負(fù)責(zé)宇宙射線數(shù)據(jù)分析的研究員袁強周三告訴《環(huán)球時報》。

Yuan said the team felt honored and grateful that the country would significantly support research and development in the field of basic sciences, although some of the achievements' applications may seem far from daily life.

袁強說他們團隊感到很榮幸和高興，國家能大力支持基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究和發(fā)展，盡管一些成果的運用顯得與日常生活非常遙遠(yuǎn)。

Financial input

財政投入

China's financial input in research and development of basic sciences doubled in the past five years from 41.2 billion yuan ($6.5 billion) in 2011 to 82.3 billion yuan in 2016, according to information released by China's Ministry of Science and Technology in February 2018.

根據(jù)中國科技部2018年2月公布的信息，中國在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)研究和發(fā)展的財政投入在過去5年中翻了一番，從2011年的412億元（65億美元）增長到2016年的823億元。

China also sets an annual top national science award which came with a cash prize of 8 million yuan in 2019, a sum larger than last year's Nobel Prize amount.

2019年，中國還將每年評審一次的國家科學(xué)技術(shù)獎獎金設(shè)置為800萬元，比去年的諾貝爾獎金金額還要高。

However, according to a guideline the State Council released in 2018, although the country has made substantial progress in basic science, it still lags behind its goal of becoming a science and technology power in disciplines like mathematics.

然而，根據(jù)國務(wù)院2018年發(fā)布的指導(dǎo)方針，雖然我國已經(jīng)在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得了實質(zhì)性進(jìn)展，但就成為數(shù)學(xué)等科目的科技強國而言，我國離這一目標(biāo)還有段距離。

The US outspends China on basic research.

美國在基礎(chǔ)研究領(lǐng)域的開銷超過了中國。

Data provided by the American Association for the Advancement of Science shows that in 2018, the US total basic research budget reached over $38 billion.

美國科學(xué)促進(jìn)會提供的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2018年美國基礎(chǔ)研究的預(yù)算總額超過了380億美元。

A Global Times reporter found that most of the top 10 awardee projects have been published in or positively acknowledged by world-class scientific journals like Nature, Science, and Cell.

《環(huán)球時報》記者發(fā)現(xiàn)，“十大進(jìn)展”中的大部分已經(jīng)在世界最著名的科學(xué)期刊《自然》、《科學(xué)》和《細(xì)胞》上發(fā)表，或者得到了這些期刊的肯定。

For example, US journal The Scientist listed the tumor-destroying nanorobots as one of the seven top technical advances in 2018.

例如，美國學(xué)術(shù)雜志《科學(xué)家》將可摧毀腫瘤的納米機器人列為2018年7大頂級技術(shù)突破之一。

Top international journal standard

頂級國際期刊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

Four of the 2018 top 10 scientific findings are the result of cooperation between Chinese researchers and research teams from the US and the UK.

2018年度中國科學(xué)十大進(jìn)展中有4項是中國研究者和來自美國和英國的研究團隊的合作成果。

The cancer treating nanorobot development was jointly launched by Chinese researchers at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology with a US team from Arizona State University.

用于腫瘤治療的納米機器人開發(fā)項目就是國家納米科學(xué)中心的中國研究者和美國亞利桑那州立大學(xué)研究團隊共同發(fā)起的。

The program entitled "Visualizing intracellular organelle and cytoskeletal interactions at nanoscale resolution on millisecond timescales," which is among the top 10 and was published in Cell, is a collaboration by Li Dong at the Institute of Biophysics of CAS, and American researchers from Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

躋身“十大進(jìn)展”的“創(chuàng)建出可探測細(xì)胞內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)相互作用的納米和毫秒尺度成像技術(shù)”項目發(fā)表在了《細(xì)胞》雜志上，它是中國科學(xué)院生物物理研究所李棟課題組和美國霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)院Janelia Research Campus研究機構(gòu)的合作項目。

The DAMPE detector for dark matter in space is also an international collaboration among China, Italy and Switzerland.

“悟空”號暗物質(zhì)粒子探測衛(wèi)星也是中國和意大利、瑞士的國際合作項目。

Another top 10 study, findings of which pushed back the history of human life in China's Loess Plateau to 2.12 million years ago, was co-conducted by Zhu Zhaoyu from the CAS Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Huang Weiwen from Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, and research team led by Robin Dennell from the UK's University of Exeter over 13 years of collaboration.

另一項“科學(xué)十大進(jìn)展”，將人類生活在黃土高原的歷史推前至距今212萬年，是中國科學(xué)院廣州地球化學(xué)研究所的朱照宇、中國科學(xué)院古脊椎動物與古人類研究所的黃慰文，和英國�？巳�特大學(xué)Robin Dennell領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團隊歷經(jīng)13年的研究成果。

（圖via科技日報）

It showcases the current trend of basic science research in which the best international minds inevitably work together, Yuan noted.

袁強指出，它展示了當(dāng)下基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)研究的趨勢：最優(yōu)秀的國際學(xué)者們必將一起合作研究。

The selection of the 10 greatest scientific developments has been successfully conducted by the country's science and technology authorities 14 times.

“中國科學(xué)十大進(jìn)展”遴選活動由科技部基礎(chǔ)研究管理中心牽頭舉辦，至今已成功舉辦14屆。

Such an event is designed to enhance public understanding of the country's scientific achievements and promote support for fundamental research, the Xinhua News Agency reported on Wednesday.

據(jù)新華社報道，旨在宣傳我國重大基礎(chǔ)研究科學(xué)進(jìn)展，開展基礎(chǔ)研究科普宣傳，促進(jìn)公眾理解、關(guān)心和支持基礎(chǔ)研究。

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