Attorneys in Steptoe’s China practice help clients invest and conduct business in China by advising on market entry and exit strategies, investments and the structuring of commercial agreements. We also assist clients to address regulatory barriers to market entry and advise on labor and employment matters, intellectual property protection, compliance with relevant Chinese regulations, and resolution of business disputes.
Leveraging the full resources of the firm, attorneys in our China practice work seamlessly across all offices with colleagues located throughout the US and in London and Brussels. Our Beijing-based team is fully bilingual and members have extensive and deep experience in China. In addition to our strong practice capability, our Beijing-based team has close working relationships with key PRC governmental authorities, which enables us to provide our clients with valuable insights into investment approval processes and on-going regulatory compliance requirements.
International Business Transactions 
Steptoe has an active international corporate and finance practice, focused in large part on emerging economies throughout Asia and Europe. Our attorneys are experienced in handling cross-border transactions that often present challenging legal and regulatory issues relating to strategic or financial investments, joint ventures and technology transfers.
In China, we have extensive experience of advising on foreign direct investment, private equity and venture capital financing, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, as well as transfer and protection of intellectual property rights.  We advise clients on private investment fund formation both in China and offshore. Our clients regularly consult us regarding issues that arise in connection with the establishment, management, financing and operation of their business activities in China.  We are active in the areas of insurance and reinsurance, energy, logistics and global supply chains, chemicals, software development, semiconductor, telecommunications and general manufacturing.
Market Entry and Foreign Direct Investments 
We represent multinational companies of all sizes in all stages of direct investment in China, including greenfield investments, Sino-foreign joint ventures, and mergers and acquisitions. We understand the unique complexities involved in foreign direct investment in China, and have a solid understanding of PRC foreign exchange controls rules, land use rights and property law, labor and employment law, intellectual property regulations, anti-trust law, taxation laws and other issues that impact foreign businesses. We help clients to negotiate and document deals, and to navigate China’s constantly evolving legal and regulatory environment.
We have extensive experience with China market entry and structuring for international financial institutions, including insurance companies. We also assist international financial institutional investors with their applications for Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (QFII) licenses in China. We are regularly consulted by international financial investors with respect to their day-to-day compliance with Chinese financial laws and regulations, including banking, insurance and securities regulations.
Private Equity and Venture Capital 
We represent private equity investors, venture capitalists, private equity fund sponsors, and limited partners in a wide variety of transactions. We regularly advise PE/VC funds in connection with all stage investment in and divestment of portfolio companies. Equipped with our strong knowledge of unique legal due diligence issues often presented in investments in Chinese emerging growth companies, we are able to identify hidden risks faced by PE/VC investors, help them discover the true valuation of the targets and ensure maximum protection in the transactional documentation. We also assist sponsors/general partners, as well as limited partners with fund formation and capital raising, including setting up RMB funds.
We represent Chinese portfolio companies in connection with equity financing transactions and counsel them on a variety of issues including restructuring, drafting and negotiating licensing agreements, complying with FDI and foreign exchange control regulations, and addressing employment law issues.
Mergers and Acquisitions 
Our M&A practice combined with our deep PRC regulatory expertise underscores our deal execution capability. We assist foreign investors with acquiring PRC assets or equities, rationalizing their investment portfolio in China, and dealing with ongoing operational issues that arise during the post-merger or acquisition period. We work proactively with clients to develop investment structures tailored for their business needs, and assist them with meeting challenging PRC regulatory requirements, in particular with respect to those applicable to sectors that are restricted to foreign investment, such as financial industry, Internet, media and real estate.  We also help clients navigate the complex process of obtaining regulatory approvals required in transactions involving PRC companies and assets, including acquisitions of state-owned assets. 
Construction
Steptoe’s Beijing attorneys have provided legal support for construction projects throughout China. We have represented numerous multinational corporations in connection with a variety of construction projects, including the tendering engineering and design work, drafting EPC contracts and negotiating and drafting financing documentation in relation to the construction of factory premises, office buildings and purpose-built facilities.
Our attorneys are particularly experienced in construction projects in the energy, chemicals, bio-tech, semiconductor and software industries. We support foreign investors with all matters relating to construction projects, including project finance, entity formation, technology license or transfer, tax and regulatory issues. Our multilingual attorneys provide clients with practical advice on government permitting and registration formalities.
Additionally, arbitrators in our China practice have unique experience dealing with large construction disputes before several major international arbitration centers in Hong Kong and China.
International Arbitration
Attorneys in the China practice have significant experience assisting clients in mediating and resolving disputes in China. We have worked on disputes involving treaty-based rights and obligations, waiver of sovereign immunity, measurement of damages, discovery, enforcement of awards, and choice of law, among others. Our experience includes representing foreign and Chinese parties in the key fora for China-related dispute resolution, including CIETAC, the HKIAC, and the SIAC.
International Trade
Steptoe has one of the largest and most experienced international trade practices in the United States. Many of our attorneys have gained their experience and insight from senior government service with the Department of Commerce and the Office of the US Trade Representative, as well as the Departments of State, Defense, Justice, and Treasury. In 2009, Chambers Asia named Steptoe's International Trade group the market leader of international firms practicing in Asia. We represent importers in US and EU trade proceedings and we have substantial experience advising companies facing trade remedy investigations in China.
Intellectual Property 
For most clients doing business in China a key element in their investment strategy is protection of their intellectual property from infringement and misappropriation. Steptoe attorneys are experienced in all phases of intellectual property representations, including the evaluation, acquisition, licensing, transfer and enforcement of intellectual property rights, including patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret rights.  Attorneys in the Steptoe China Practice have particular expertise in intellectual property protection measures tailor-made for China and enforcement.
Labor and Employment
The Chinese labor and employment environment is evolving rapidly and often poses significant challenges for foreign employers. A thorough understanding of the Chinese labor regulatory environment has become an essential aspect of doing business successfully in China for many multinational companies. From structuring cross-border employment arrangements to social security benefits, human resource management and unionization challenges, our attorneys have significant experience advising clients on a diverse range of labor and employment law issues. 
Regulatory Compliance
Steptoe offers a full range of counseling, compliance, and advocacy services for companies involved in international transactions that implicate PRC regulatory requirements. Our attorneys advise many multinationals with extensive interests in China, including the largest foreign investors in China, on US, UK and Chinese regulatory compliance issues. We assist clients on matters involving foreign exchange controls, environmental protection, taxation, national security review, international competition, customs, cyber security, data privacy and other regulatory issues associated with cross-border joint ventures, mergers and licensing agreements.
Antitrust and Competition
 
Working together with local law firms, our Beijing office can assist with advising on pre-merger filings with MOFCOM, counseling on compliance programs and evaluating enforcement risks of business practices under China’s Anti-Monopoly Law. Our attorneys also have specialized experience of advising on pricing strategies and defense of cartel investigations by the National Development and Reform Commission.  
 
FCPA/UK Bribery Act/Anti-Corruption
Steptoe counsels companies doing business in China on the scope, meaning, and application of the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), related US statutes, and the UK Bribery Act dealing with fraud and corruption as it relates to their Chinese operations.  Our practice includes compliance advice and counseling, investigations, and enforcement work. We have conducted numerous FCPA investigations for US and multinational companies doing business in China. We perform internal investigations for companies, boards of directors, audit committees, and special board committees, as well as design compliance policies and procedures for company personnel and affiliates working in China.
SEC and Other Investigations
Attorneys in our China Practice have many years of experience conducting financial investigations of publicly listed companies in connection with alleged violations of U.S. securities laws.  We are one of the few foreign law firms with bilingual specialists based in China.

REPRESENTATIVE MATTERS
·         Advising a prominent auto manufacturer in the largest antidumping and countervailing duty investigation ever initiated in China.
·         Defending a poultry producer in an antidumping and countervailing duty investigation in China.
·         Advising a prominent US brand on overcoming technical market barriers in China.
·         Helping a major US retailer evaluate market access restrictions in China, including possible claims under the General Agreement on Trade in Services.
·         Advising foreign receivers of a $250 million real estate development project in China regarding litigation in both China and the Caribbean, and related administrative and arbitration proceedings.
·         Representing foreign parties in CIETAC arbitrations involving tens of millions of dollars in trade disputes.
·         Advising the Government of China in dispute settlement proceedings against the United States concerning the imposition of antidumping and countervailing duty orders on four Chinese products.
·         Representing the Government of China in its first appearance as a respondent in WTO dispute settlement proceedings.
·         Counseling an aircraft manufacturer on China’s WTO obligations as they affected the industry sector.
·         Representing a foreign party in the sale of Chinese breweries to a Chinese state-owned company.
·         Listing a public offering of securities on the NYSE for a US company with contract manufacturing facilities in Shenzhen, China.
·         Leading the purchase of a Sino-Australian agribusiness JV in the Shanghai region by a US company.
·         Managing global supply chains and negotiating US-China supply contracts with Chinese suppliers, purchasing agents, and contract manufacturers.
·         Restructuring equity JVs in China from direct US parent company ownership to indirect offshore holding company ownership.
·         Establishing international procurement offices in China via sourcing subsidiaries and representative offices.
·         Overseeing China IP enforcement and licensing for prominent global brands and technology companies. 
·         Representing China-focused investment funds in various stages of VC/PE financing.
·         Representing a US company in licensing certain coal mine safety technology to a Chinese state-owned company backed a provincial government.
·         Representing a Hong Kong private equity fund in connection with a seriec C financing by a Chinese company engaging in large-scale production of LED light bulbs.
·         Representing an international private equity fund in connection with a seriec C financing by a Chinese manufacturer of secure digital content delivery device for the pay TV industry.
·         Representing a US company in connection with establishing a food logistics joint venture with a Chinese state owned enterprise.
·         Representing a US company in connection with establishing a poultry supply chain joint venture with a Chinese privately owned enterprise.
·         Representing a US company in connection with a buy-out of its Chinese JV partner’s equity interest in an industrial battery manufacturing company based in Shanghai.
·         Representing a Shanghai-based e-commerce company in a convertible loan transaction seeking financing from three international VC funds.
·         Representing a Hong Kong based PE fund in an equity investment in a solar photovoltaic project situated on the roof-top of a shopping mallin New Jersey, US and a related construction loan to finance the project.
·         Representing a Hong Kong-based company in a sale of a majority interest in a Chinese fashion design, manufacturing and retail business with presences in Hong Kong, mainland China and New York to a Mainland Chinese group based in Hong Kong, as well as the establishment of a new joint venture between the seller and the buyer to operate the same business.
·         Representing a PRC pharmaceutical company listed in the U.S. in an internal investigation in respect of potential financial irregularities and violation of the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
·         Representing a Hong Kong based private equity fund in its investment in a joint venture which operates an online-to-offline mobile marketing platform.
·         Representing an NYSE-listed global insurance provider in its subscription for shares issued by a Chinese insurance holding company through a private placement.
·         Representing a well-known international architectural practice in connection with the expansion of its China business.
·         Acting for various U.S. coporations in connection with FCPA investigations.  
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